International Relations

China has responded sternly to the Indian Minister of State Kiren Rijiju's question about the alleged kidnapping of five Indians by the Chinese military from the border in Arunachal Pradesh, India. China has said that it does not consider Arunachal Pradesh as a part of India, rather it is a region of China's southern Tibet.

According to China's official newspaper Global Times, China's foreign ministry spokesman Chao Lijiang said, "China has never recognized the 'alleged' Arunachal Pradesh, it is the territory of southern Tibet of China." We have got a question from the Indian Army about the five missing Indians from this area, but we do not have any information about it at this time. ''

The Indian Army raised the issue of alleged abduction of five people by the People's Liberation Army (PLA) soldiers from Upper Subansiri district in Arunachal Pradesh to the Chinese Army.

Giving information about this, Union Minister Kiren Rijiju wrote on Sunday night through a tweet that the Indian Army is waiting for China's reply. He wrote, "The Indian Army has sent a message to the People's Liberation Army counterpart, waiting for a reply."

Actually, Rijiju wrote this in response to a tweet from a journalist. A journalist asked via tweet, "What is the update on the alleged kidnapping of five Indians from Arunachal Pradesh by the People's Liberation Army?" Will the Ministry of External Affairs, Kiren Rijiju, Prema Khandu share any updates on this? ''

In June this year, 20 Indian soldiers died in a clash between India and China on the Ladakh border and since then tensions between the two countries have been increasing.

A retired general of the Indian Army, speaking to the BBC on condition of anonymity, said, "China's attitude towards Arunachal Pradesh is not new at all." Even before this, China has considered Arunachal Pradesh as its share. China has already made it clear that it does not follow the McMahon Line. This is the reason why China has always been negative when the Tibetan religion Guru Dalai Lama became a refugee in India.

"Generally, India used to keep base camps about 70-80 km behind the Sino-India border but from 1986-87, the Indian Army moved in its own part by reducing the distance from the border. Although China did not object at that time because the growth rate of India-China was almost the same at that time, but in 2008 when India came close to the US and the nuclear treaty was reached between the two countries, China sure got knocked. Now, in recent times, construction work in the border areas from India has increased and that is why China is creating tension on the border. ''

The clash also took place on the night of 29 August

Earlier on the night of 29-30 August, according to the Indian Army, there was a skirmish between the soldiers of both the countries. So far no information has been received about anyone's injuries. The Indian Army had issued a statement saying that the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) tried to change the status quo on the border, but the vigilant Indian soldiers did not allow this to happen.

According to this statement, "Indian troops have stopped the provocation of Chinese troops in Pangong Tso Lake." The Indian Army is in favor of restoring peace through dialogue but at the same time is committed to safeguarding the integrity of its territory. The whole dispute continues at the brigade commander level.

However, China denied reports of its troops crossing the LAC.

China's Foreign Ministry stated that China's military strictly follows the Line of Actual Control and that China's military has never crossed this line. The military of the two countries are in touch on this issue.

On the other hand, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi has said, "China is committed to maintaining stability along the India-China border." China will never take the initiative to make the situation tense or provoke. ''

Giving a speech at the French Institute of International Relations, he said, "The border between the two countries is not yet fixed, so there are problems." China will maintain its sovereignty and territorial integrity firmly, and is ready to resolve all kinds of issues through dialogue with the Indian side. ''

He also said that China believes in the policy of 'Good Neighborhood', and wants friendly and stable relations with its neighbors.

India and China have a 3,500-km-long border and the two countries do not agree on the current state of the border. There has also been a war in 1962 in this country.

The United Nations' Nuclear Monitoring Agency has said that Iran has collected more than 10 times as much uranium as it can hold under the international nuclear deal.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has stated that Iran's reserves of enriched uranium have now reached 2,105 kg, while under the 2015 agreement it could not exceed 300 kg.

Iran said in July last year that it had started using new and advanced technology centrifuge devices for uranium enrichment.

Centrifuges are used to separate the chemical particles of uranium from each other.

Uranium is cultivated in two places in Iran - Natanz and Fordo.

After enrichment, it can also be used to develop nuclear power or nuclear weapons.

Iran has long emphasized that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes only.

Iran allowed IAEA observers to investigate one of its two previously suspected nuclear targets.

Now the agency has said that it will take samples from another location this month.

Last year, Iran deliberately and openly began violating the 2015 nuclear deal promises.

The United States, Britain, Russia, Germany, France and China also signed with Iran on this nuclear deal.

Iran started enriching uranium more than permitted in 2019. However, it was far below the level required to build nuclear weapons.

Can Iran make nuclear weapons with this?

Iran will need 3.67 percent enriched 1,050 kg of uranium to make nuclear weapons. But an American group 'Arms Control Association' says that later it will have to be increased by 90 percent.

U-235 isotopes of low-enriched three to five percent density uranium can be made using electricity as fuel.

The uranium used to make weapons is 90 percent or more enriched.

Experts say that even if Iran does, it will take a long time to complete the process of Enrichment.

Iran said last week that it had let arms observers investigate their targets in 'harmony' so that issues related to nuclear security could be resolved.

The IAEA criticized Iran for not allowing the investigation of the two bases and not answering questions about secretly kept nuclear material and its activities.

Now the International Monitoring Agency has issued a statement saying that "Iran has given samples to the agency's supervisors. These samples will be tested in the laboratories of the agency's network.

Iran stopped following the terms of the international nuclear deal last year. He took this step after US President Donald Trump announced his withdrawal from the deal.

The Indian government has banned 118 mobile apps developed in China, including the gaming app PUBG.

A statement issued by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology said that these apps have been banned because they were involved in activities against India's sovereignty and integrity, defense of the country and public order.

The statement issued by the ministry said, "This step will protect the interests of crores of mobile and internet users in India." This decision has been taken with the intention of ensuring the security and sovereignty of India's cyberspace. ''

According to the statement, the Government of India was receiving complaints about these apps from various sources, including reports that users' data from some mobile apps available on Android and IOS were unauthorizedly stolen and sent to servers located outside India. Were staying.

The decision to ban 118 apps in China has been taken at a time when there are reports of tensions between the two countries on the Line of Actual Control or LAC in Ladakh once again.

The Indian government had earlier banned 59 apps related to China in June. They also included Tiktok.

The last decision to ban 59 Chinese apps was taken a few days after a violent clash between Indo-Chinese troops in the Galvan Valley on July 15.

Amid tensions on the outskirts of India, Chinese President Xi Jinping has called for an attempt to build a 'new modern socialist Tibet'.

Earlier, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi had visited Tibet and reviewed the construction works along the border with India.

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and chairman of China's Central Military Commission, made the remarks at a high-level meeting on Tibet in Beijing.

He said that China needs to make more efforts to maintain stability in Tibet and protect national unity.

China established its control over Tibet in 1950.

Critics who stand with the exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, say that 'China did bad to the people of Tibet and the culture there'.

At this meeting of senior members of the Communist Party on the future governance of Tibet, Xi Jinping praised the achievements and also praised the officers working on the frontline, but said that to enhance unity in the region, rejuvenate it and More efforts are needed to strengthen.

According to China's official news agency Xinhua, Xi Jinping said in the meeting that 'political and ideological education needs to be emphasized more in Tibet's schools so that the seed of love for China can be sown in the hearts of every youth there'. .

Xi Jinping said that there is a need to strengthen the role of the Communist Party in Tibet and to better integrate ethnic groups.

It is in this context that he said, "We have to resolve to create a united, prosperous, civilized, harmonious and beautiful, modern, socialist Tibet."

He said that 'Tibetan Buddhism also needs to be adapted to socialism and Chinese conditions'.

But critics say that 'if China had really benefited Tibet as much as Xi Jinping claimed in the meeting, then China would not have feared separatism and neither could China help the people of Tibet through education' 'Talks about filling'.

There was talk about Tibet between the US and China tension.

In July, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said the US would restrict the visa of some Chinese officials to Tibet to "prevent diplomatic access and engage in human rights abuses".

He also said that the US supports the "meaningful autonomy" of Tibet.

When and how did Tibet come under Chinese occupation?

This remote area of ​​people who predominantly follow Buddhism is also known as the 'roof of the world'. Tibet is recognized as an autonomous region in China.

China says the region has had sovereignty over the centuries, while many Tibetans hold their loyalty to their exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama.

When his followers see the Dalai Lama as a living God, China considers him a separatist threat.

The history of Tibet has been very turbulent. Sometimes he lived as a self-occupied territory, sometimes by the powerful dynasties of Mongolia and China.

But in the year 1950, China sent thousands of soldiers to wave their flag on this area. Some areas of Tibet were converted into autonomous areas and the remaining areas were merged with the Chinese provinces adjoining it.

But after a failed rebellion against China in 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama had to leave Tibet and seek refuge in India, where he formed the government in exile.

Most of Tibet's Buddhist viharas were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution of China in the sixties and seventies. Thousands of Tibetans are believed to have been killed during Daman and military rule.

When did China Tibet dispute start?

The dispute between China and Tibet concerns the legal status of Tibet.

China says that Tibet has been a part of China since the middle of the thirteenth century but Tibetans say that Tibet was an independent state for many centuries and that China did not continue to possess it.

The Mongol dynasty Kublai Khan had established the Yuan Dynasty and extended his kingdom not only to Tibet but also to China, Vietnam and Korea.

Then in the seventeenth century China's Ching dynasty had relations with Tibet.

The Ching army annexed Tibet after 260 years of relationship, but within three years it was repulsed by the Tibetans, and in 1912 the Thirteenth Dalai Lama declared independence of Tibet.

Then in 1951 the Chinese army once again controlled Tibet and signed a treaty with a Tibetan delegation under which the sovereignty of Tibet was ceded to China.

The Dalai Lama fled to India and has been fighting for Tibet's autonomy ever since.

When China annexed Tibet, it was completely cut off from the outside world. After this, the Chineseization of Tibet started and the language, culture, religion and tradition of Tibet were all targeted.

Is Tibet a part of China?

There are many questions related to Sino-Tibet relations which often come to the mind of the people. Like is Tibet a part of China? What was Tibet like before China came under control? And what changed after that?

The Tibet government-in-exile says, "There is no dispute that Tibet has been under the influence of various foreign powers in different periods of history." The Mongols, the Gurkhas of Nepal, the Manchu dynasty of China and the British rulers who ruled India have all had some roles in the history of Tibet. But in other periods of history, it was Tibet that exercised power and influence over its neighbors and these neighbors included China. ''

"It is difficult to find a country in the world that has not had the influence or dominance of any foreign power in any period of history. In the case of Tibet, foreign influence or interference was for a comparatively limited time. ''

But China says that "China has had sovereignty over Tibet for more than seven hundred years and Tibet has never been an independent country." No country in the world ever recognized Tibet as an independent country.

When India considered Tibet as part of China

In June of 2003, India officially agreed that Tibet is part of China.

After the meeting of the then Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee with Chinese President Jiang Zemin, India for the first time considered Tibet as part of China.

At that time the NDA government was led by the BJP in India and the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the leader of the BJP. This clearly shows that the proximity of BJP and India with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as Prime Minister started to increase with China. This appears to be a complete change in India's foreign policy. Earlier, the Congress Party government never made such a mistake. The Congress never recognized China's occupation of Tibet and always considered Tibet as an independent country.

Although it was then said that this recognition is indirect, but it was seen as an important step in the relationship between the two countries.

After the Vajpayee-Jiang Gemin talks, China also agreed to trade with India via Sikkim. Then this step was seen that China too has accepted Sikkim as part of India.

Indian officials had said at the time that India has not recognized the whole of Tibet, which is a large part of China, but India has recognized only that part which is considered as an autonomous Tibet region.

Turkish President Rechep Tayyip Ardoan has fiercely targeted France and Greece on Sunday. Ardoan called him greedy and inept.

France and Greece have challenged Turkey's energy exploration campaign in the eastern Mediterranean. Ardoan is angry with this.

There is a lot of tension in Greece and Turkey over the discovery of energy reserves in the eastern Mediterranean. France has also come with Greece openly against Turkey.

Even in Europe, a kind of mobilization against Turkey is being seen. Greece, France and Turkey are members of all three NATO. In such a situation, only Neto members are entangled.

According to the news agency AFP, Ardoan has told his officials, "Greece and France will have to suffer because of their greedy and incompetent leaders."

On 10 August, the Turkish research vessel sailed into the waters of Greece. Since then, the navies of both countries are in action. Navies of both countries are also conducting maneuvers.

France's jet fighters stand in favor of Greece. France has also warned Turkey not to play with threats. French President Emmanuel Macron had said that Turkey does not understand the way to negotiate.

Ardoan said on Sunday, "If the time comes to fight both France and Greece, we will not hesitate to make sacrifices." The question is, if they stand against us in the Mediterranean, are they ready for sacrifice? "

On Saturday, Turkey announced that it was going to conduct military exercises in northern Cyprus.

Earlier, Turkey and Greece had announced that they would hold military exercises in protest against each other near the island of Crete, Greece on Tuesday.

The dispute between the two countries over claims over oil and gas reserves in the eastern Mediterranean has increased. Turkey has issued an official warning that the ships should stay away from the region.

Greece also announced military exercises after Turkey announced to pursue its investigative mission. Tensions between Greece and Turkey have increased since the discovery of oil and gas reserves in the disputed watershed near Crete and Cyprus.

President Ardoan had said, "Not a single step will be overtaken by the movements of the Turkish Oruk Reis and the warships escorting it."

He said that Greece has put itself in such trouble that it cannot find a way out.

Greece also adopted an aggressive attitude last month when Turkey issued a naval warning Navtex while sending its ship. Greece had asked Turkey to withdraw its ship in search of oil in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

A 31-word commentary by India's Chief of Defense Staff General Bipin Rawat on 24 August 2020 made it to the front page of most newspapers and also sparked considerable discussion.

In this, he told the news agency ANI, "There is also a military option to deal with the encroachment of the Chinese army in Ladakh but it will be adopted only when negotiations at the military and diplomatic level fail."

The veterans in the defense service hardly raised eyebrows at his statement.

Lieutenant General (Retd) D.S. Hooda said, "Can the CDS say that there are no military options?" I think he was just stating facts. ''

"I didn't find anything wrong with what CDS said," says Air Marshal Anil Khosla, who retired from the post of Deputy Chief of the Indian Air Force. It was a nappy-tula statement and I think it should have come a little earlier. ''

Before extracting the implications of General Rawat's statement, we should also know about China.

China's land border is 22,000 kilometers and the coastal border is 18,000 kilometers long. Apart from this, it has also developed its infrastructure abroad which includes its base in Djibouti.

In India, the Defense Forces are controlled separately by the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Home Affairs, while China has a Central Military Commission (CMC). The CMC is said to be the major organ of the army and the commander of its military forces and is headed by the chairman and vice chairman.

Chinese President Xi Jinping is the chairman of CMC.

The CMC controls every single military force in China. These include the People's Liberation Army (PLA), PLA Navy (PLAN), PLA Air Force, (PLAAF) PLA Rocket Force (PLARF), PLA Strategic Support Force (PLASSF) and PLA Joint Logistic Support Force (PLAJLSAF).

Where every army has its own command in India. The Chinese military has five geographically defined theater commands (TCs). These include Eastern TC, Southern TC, Western TC, Northern TC and Central TC.

In the white paper on security in 2019, China's Ministry of National Defense spoke about the changes since 2012. It was said in

The combined force has reduced its capacity from 300,000 personnel while the number of active personnel is 2 million.

While the army was reduced in the army, the Airforce maintained its number of soldiers. At the same time, the number of soldiers in the Navy and PLARF was increased.

PLARF has a stock of China's nuclear and conventional missiles and was also formerly known as the Second Artillery Force.

Since 2012, a significant amount of money has been spent on the Chinese military. This money was spent on good salaries, training of the soldiers and creating a good working environment for them, buying new weapons, making new weapons, military reforms and harmonizing between different security forces.

However, many Indian defense experts are skeptical of these claims from China. Some experts believe that Chinese technology is unproven and their security forces lack combat experience.

Does India have a military option against China?

There is no doubt that the Indian Army sees itself engaged in a defensive war on the 3,488 km long Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China.

It simply means that this fight is to kill the enemy coming from the front.

"Our military strategy on China is completely different from Pakistan," says General Hooda. We are aggressive about Pakistan, threatening them in different areas, but in case of threatening China, we adopt a defensive strategy and we do not even imagine to go to war. This does not mean that we cannot attack beyond the LAC. We should do it when needed. India has formed the Mountain Strike Corps for this purpose.

In response to the Chinese incursion, can India adopt a tactical strategy and seize some of its land and bargain?

On this question, Lieutenant General Hooda says, "Such options may have been adopted first." For instance, the option of haggling by adopting a tit-for-tat strategy may seem quite provocative but I think we are in a good position and we have the military capability to respond to them. ''

Does the geographical location of Ladakh give India an edge?

On this question, the Lieutenant General Hooda says, "The area of ​​eastern Ladakh is flat and quite high. It is not hilly like LOC. The road network is also good, most of the checkpoints can be transported by car and there is no challenge to us. But it would be wrong to say that the geographical location of Ladakh is in India's favor. China's infrastructure is much better and it gives them an edge. ''

Is India's Navy-Air Force stronger than China?

What will happen if the situation in the maritime zone with China worsens? On this, a former chief of the Navy told that in that condition India will go to the area where it is in a strong position i.e. in the Indian Ocean.

He says, "I would be surprised if someone says that the Navy will be sent to attack China in the South China Sea." We can make an edge over China in the Indian Ocean itself because we know this area and most importantly, we will have more things available here than that.

Many analysts believe that the use of the Indian Air Force will be best if India moves towards the military option.

It is estimated that Indian ships will have more oil and weapons due to flying at a lower altitude from the air base. At the same time, the Chinese Air Force will fly from the Tibetan plateau and other high places where the very fine air flows, due to which they will spend more oil on keeping weapons.

But that's not all.

"It has been believed that we have the edge of T-3 - meaning technology, terrain (geography) and training," says Air Marshal (retd) Khosla, who heads the Eastern Air Command. Technically, he is ahead but there is doubt about the claims and actual potential. We have an edge in geography and training, but they are looking at these issues and solving them systematically. To reduce the difference, we need to increase our capacity qualitatively and numerically.''

He described how rapidly PLAAF has developed itself in recent years.

Air Marshal (Retd) Khosla said, "The Chinese Air Force has been part of the PLA. It is well made like any army which has all the necessities. He began to rapidly modernize his navy and air force during the Gulf War after China's economic emergence. Today his air force is rapidly increasing its capabilities.''

Where does India need to accelerate to compete with China?

Khosla says China's biggest advantage over India is its indigenous defense manufacturing base.

Due to the manufacturing base, arms supply can be done in the country itself while India is working in this direction and in future it will have to depend on imported weapons.

Apart from this, when it comes to cyber and space capabilities, China too has an edge over India.

Lt. General Satish Dua, who retired as Chief of Integrated Defense Staff, says, "China has mastered building a cyber army and has capabilities in the area we are looking to reach." Our military forces must attract the best talent. There are talent in our country but they are working with someone else instead of working with us."

China's white paper also referred to military reform. General Dua shares his experiences of military reform in India.

He says, "India currently has a cyber, space agency and a special forces division. We want this command to be strong and equipped. Even in 2013 we got permission to activate these special forces but we were able to activate them in the end of 2018. This was a very weak job. Improvements should be made to expedite the implementation of such schemes. We should stop working in the cellars. The methods of war are constantly changing, so those who want to follow the old lines need to be changed."

Turkey and Greece have announced that they will hold military exercises in protest against each other near the island of Crete, Greece on Tuesday.

The dispute between the two countries over claims over oil and gas reserves in the eastern Mediterranean has increased.

Turkey issued an official warning that the ships should stay away from the region.

Greece has also announced military exercises after Turkey announced to pursue its investigative mission.

Meanwhile, Germany's Foreign Minister Heiko Maas is arriving in Athens and Ankara on Tuesday, where they will hold talks to reduce tensions.

Heiko Maas will first speak to Greece's Prime Minister Kiryakos Mitsotakis in Athens and then in Turkey with the Turkish Foreign Minister.

Tensions between Greece and Turkey have increased since the discovery of oil and gas reserves in the disputed watershed near Crete and Cyprus.

Greece is also part of the European Union, which has appealed for talks, but France appears to be supportive of Greece. France has also recently conducted military exercises with Greece.

On Monday, Turkey announced that its research ship, Oruk Reis, would continue its work until 27 August 2020. It is believed that Greece is angry with this. Greece is considering Turkey's survey as illegal and is now going to conduct maneuvers against Turkey.

A Greek government spokesman said in a statement, "Greece is responding peacefully and is ready to respond at the diplomatic and military levels." With national confidence, Greece will do everything possible to protect its sovereignty.''

Turkey has also responded in the same language.

Turkish President Ardoआनan has said, "Not a single step will be overtaken by the movements of Turkish Oruk Reis and the warships escorting him."

He said that Greece has put itself in such a trouble that it cannot find a way out.

Greece also adopted an aggressive attitude last month when Turkey issued a naval warning Navtex while sending its ship.

Greece had asked Turkey to withdraw its ship in search of oil in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Tensions between Greece and Turkey continue to escalate, but the latest conflict over the gas reserve and water rights issue poses a threat to change.

In July, when Germany announced to send its survey ships to the Greek island of Castellorizo, Germany mediated and averted the crisis. Germany is currently the president of the European Union.

But now these ships and with it five warships of the Turkish Navy are surveying in the waters and the tension has increased again.

There has been a verbal war between NATO member Greece and Turkey.

In the same dispute, Greece has been saying that it will protect its sovereignty and the European Union has said that there should be dialogue between the two countries.

How did the relationship between Turkey and Greece deteriorate?

Turkey and Greece have their own claims regarding the gas reserves and there are huge differences between the two countries over many important areas of the eastern Mediterranean.

Both countries have been asserting their claims on many areas with the argument that they fall under their continental waters.

In July, Turkey issued a naval alert (Navtex) that it was sending its research ship, Oruk Rees, to a survey near the island of Castellorizo, Greece.

The island is located just off the coast of southwest Turkey.

In this survey, Turkey is searching for gas in the areas between Cyprus and Crete.

At that time, the Turkish ship did not raise its anchor from the port of Antalya, but Greece's army was worried about the conflict near the island of Castellorizo.

Turkey and Greece have a cold relationship for the past several months. There is also a dispute between the two countries about migrants entering Greece. And then Turkey rebuilt the Hagia Sophia Museum of Istanbul, a mosque. This building has been an Orthodox Church for many centuries. Greece was also offended by this.

After Germany's intervention, the two countries agreed to negotiate and the matter cooled down for a few days.

But meanwhile, in August, Greece entered into an agreement with Egypt to create a water zone that provoked Turkey.

Negotiations broke out and the Turkish ship Oruk Reis left the port on 10 August. The very next day it reached the waters between Crete and Cyprus.

Why increased stress now?

Turkey and Greece are against each other in the race to develop energy resources in the eastern Mediterranean.

In recent years, large gas deposits have been found in the waters near Cyprus. The governments of Cyprus, Greece, Israel and Egypt have come together to exploit them. Under the agreement, two thousand kilometers of pipeline will be sent gas to Europe.

Last year, Turkey began an oil and gas exploration west of Cyprus. Cyprus is divided since 1974. Only Turkey has recognized Turkey-controlled Northern Cyprus. Turkey has always argued that the island's natural resources are also entitled to it and should be divided.

And then in November 2019, Turkey entered into an agreement with Libya to create a special economic water zone from the southern coast of Turkey to the north east coast of Libya.

Egypt said the agreement was illegal and Greece said it was absurd because it did not refer to the island of Crete, Greece.

Then in May Turkey said it would begin digging in other areas westward in search of oil and gas in the next few months. This led to concerns in Greece and Cyprus, members of the European Union.

Turkey has issued several licenses to Turkish Petroleum to excavate in the eastern Mediterranean. They also have a license to dig around Greece's islands Crete and Rhodes.

In July, Turkish Vice-President Fawat Oktai said, "Everyone should accept that Turkey and the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus cannot be separated from the energy equations of the region."

Then on 6 August 2020, Greece and Egypt responded to Turkey with their agreement. Both created a special economic zone, saying that this would cancel Turkey's agreement with Libya.

Now, apart from sending its survey ship, Turkey has also said that licenses will be issued for exploration of oil and gas in the western region of the continental shelf by the end of this month.

What are legal disputes?

There are many islands of Greece in the Aegean Sea and Eastern Mediterranean that are very close to the Turkish coast. In such a situation, there are complex disputes between the two countries on the water sector and sometimes both countries have come to the mouth of the war.

If Greece extends its waters from six miles to 12 miles under international law, Turkey argues that it could severely affect many of its sea lanes.

Turkish President Rechep Teyep Ardoआनan recently said, "Turkey will not agree to any effort that limits it to its coast".

But the dispute is not only about the water areas but also the special economic zone (EZ) is a big issue. EEZ of Turkey and Libya, EEZ of Egypt and Greece and EEZ of Cyprus and Lebanon, EEZ of Egypt and Israel.

And now this latest dispute also includes continental waters, which can be up to two hundred miles from the coast.

Greece argues that the Turkish survey ship is violating its continental waters. The island of Castellorizo, Greece, is just two kilometers off the coast of Turkey.

While Greece has asked Turkey to leave its continental waters immediately, Turkey says that islands that are far from the mainland and near Turkey cannot have continental waters.

Last month, the Vice President of Turkey said that Turkey is tearing down maps that are designed to limit it to the mainland.

Turkey has also been emphasizing that it is working under the laws of the United Nations on its territories.

What has been the reaction?

Greece's European allies have favored it, although Germany and the European Union are insisting on negotiations.

French President Emanuel Macro has given full support to Greece and Cyprus, saying that Turkey is violating the sovereignty of these countries.

France's relations with Turkey have deteriorated in recent months, particularly with Libya.

Amid escalating tensions, France has said that it is temporarily deploying a freejet and two Rafale aircraft in the region that will also conduct military exercises with Greece.

The US has asked both sides to speak and Neto Secretary General Yance Stoltenberg has said that the situation should be resolved through negotiations, taking care of international laws and NATO brotherhood.

German Chancellor Angela Merkle is making efforts to reduce tensions and has spoken to leaders of both Turkey and Greece.

The corona virus epidemic has worsened the condition of economies around the world. This has had a very bad effect on people's employment. The condition of the economies of the Arab countries dependent on oil has further weakened. In such a situation, the governments there are tightening rules regarding migrant workers so that local people can get employment.

Kuwait's National Assembly has drafted to limit the number of migrant workers, according to the Kuwait Times daily newspaper. There is also a proposal to revoke the recognition of certain visas in this draft. According to the newspaper, the law limiting the number of migrant workers in Kuwait will come into force within six months.

The newspaper says that the quota system will be given exemption in ten different categories of this law. This exemption will be available to those working at home, medical staff, teachers and citizens of GCC. Kuwait is also going to restrict the facility to convert travel visa into work visa. Apart from this, no domestic helper can work in private or oil sector.

Kuwait is working on several levels to reduce the number of migrants. Last week, Kuwait announced that those above 60 years of age without a university degree would not get a work visa.

The symbol in Larsen & Turbo is Desai Chief Executive. He has been living in Kuwait for 25 years. But Kuwait Government's new bill is apprehensive about its future.

Prateek Desai told the BBC last month, "Eight lakh Indians may have to leave Kuwait after this bill comes into force. There are 70 percent migrants here in a population of 4 million. The goal of this bill is to increase the number of migrants to 30 percent."

Indians are the largest among these migrants. Apart from India, there are people from Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Egypt.

The Indian government is also concerned about this Kuwait bill. Last month, the Indian Foreign Ministry said in its statement, "Indians have played an important role in the Gulf countries and their contribution is also acknowledged by the governments there." We have talked to Kuwait on this issue."

Prateek Desai says that this matter is not only about going to jobs but coming back from here. He says, "When you stay in a place for a long time, a kind of emotional connection develops. We will be more emotionally affected than financially by this decision."

Indians from Kuwait send money to their families and it has been an important source of foreign exchange for India. According to data from the Pew Research Center, in 2017 Indians from Kuwait sent $ 4.6 billion to India. Kuwait employs about three lakh Indian drivers, cooks and caretakers.

India's Chief of Defense Staff (CDS) General Bipin Rawat has said that if talks with China fail, India has a military option.

According to the report published in the English news paper Hindustan Times published in Delhi from India, Rawat has clearly stated that India has a military option to deal with the encroachment by the Chinese People's Liberation Army in eastern Ladakh, But it will be used only when negotiations and diplomatic options between the armies of the two countries prove fruitless.

General Rawat told the newspaper that "encroachment on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) or border violation occurs due to a different understanding of the area." Defense services are given the responsibility to monitor the LAC and conduct operations to prevent infiltration. The entire approach of the government is adopted to resolve any such activity peacefully and prevent infiltration. But if there is no success in restoring the status quo at the border, the army is always ready for military action.

He said India's Defense Minister Rajnath Singh, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval and all those responsible for national security are reviewing all options with the aim that the Chinese military restore the status quo in Ladakh.

During the 73-day military standoff in Doklam against the Chinese Army in 2017, General Bipin Rawat, who was the Army Chief of India, in a conversation with the newspaper also dismissed the notion that there is a lack of coordination between the major intelligence agencies.

He said that India has a huge front-line along the Indian Ocean region as well as the northern and western borders, all of which need constant monitoring.

According to him, there is regular interaction between all agencies responsible for the collection and collation of information.

He said that the multi-agency center is holding daily meetings in which there are frequent talks about the situation in Ladakh or any other piece of Indian land.

General Rawat refused to share details of any operation in this interview.

Earlier on 11 August, Bipin Rawat had told a parliamentary committee that the Indian Army is ready to counter China for a long time along the Line of Actual Control and deploy in the eastern Ladakh region during winter.

He had said that it may take longer to reduce the tension between the two sides, but we are ready to face every situation and arrangements have been made in Ladakh.